Facebook is a social networking website launched in
February 2004 that is operated and privately owned by Facebook, Inc.,
with more than 500 million active users in July 2010.
Facebook was
founded by Mark Zuckerberg with his college roommates and fellow
computer science students Eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris
Hughes.
In the fall of 2003, Harvard seniors Cameron
Winklevoss, Tyler Winklevoss, and Divya Narendra were looking for a web
developer for an idea the three say Divya first had in 2002: a social
network for Harvard students and alumni. The site was to be called
HarvardConnections.com
They hired Victor Gao, another
Harvard student, to do coding for the site, but at the beginning of the
fall term Victor stepped back from the project. Victor suggested his
own replacement: Mark Zuckerberg, a Harvard sophomore from, New
York.
During those days, Mark was famous at Harvard
as the sophomore who had built Facemash, a Hot Or
Not clone for Harvard. Facemash had already made
Mark a bit of a celebrity on campus, for two
reasons.
The first
is that Mark got in trouble for creating it. The way the site worked
was that it pulled photos of Harvard students off of Harvard's Web
sites. It rearranged these photos so that when people visited
Facemash.com they would see pictures of two Harvard students and be
asked to vote on which was more attractive. The site also maintained a
list of Harvard students, ranked by
attractiveness.
It was for
this ability to build a wildly popular site that Victor Gao first
recommended Mark to Cameron, Tyler, and Divya. Sold on Mark, the Harvard
Connection trio reached out to him. Mark agreed to
meet.
They
first met in the early evening on November 30 in the dining hall of
Harvard College's Kirkland House. Cameron, Tyler, and Divya
brought up their idea for Harvard Connection, and described their plans
to A) build the site for Harvard students only, by requiring new users
to register with Harvard.edu email addresses, and B) expand Harvard
Connection beyond Harvard to schools around the country. Mark
reportedly showed enthusiastic interest in the
project.
Later that night, Mark wrote an email to the
Winklevoss brothers and Divya: I read over all the
stuff you sent and it seems like it shouldn't take too long to
implement, so we can talk about that after I get all the basic
functionality up tomorrow night.
The next
day, on December 1, Mark sent another email to the HarvardConnections
team. Part of it read, I put together one
of the two registration pages so I have everything working on my system
now. I'll keep you posted as I patch stuff up and it starts to become
completely functional.
These two emails
sounded like the words of someone who was eager to be a part of the team
and working away on the project. A few days later, however,
Mark's emails to the HarvardConnection team started to change in
tone. Specifically, they went from someone who seemed to be
hard at work building the product to someone who was so busy with
schoolwork that he had no time to do any coding at al So what
happened to change Mark's tune about HarvardConnection? Was he so
swamped with work that he was unable to finish the project?
Or, as the HarvardConnection founders have alleged, was he stalling the
development of HarvardConnection so that he could build a competing site
and launch it first?
Former PayPal CEO Peter Thiel
gets a lot of credit for being the first investor in Facebook, because
he led the first formal Facebook round in September of 2004 with a
$500,000 investment at a $5 million valuation. But the
real first investor claim to
fame should actually belong to a Harvard classmate of Mark Zuckerberg's
named Eduardo Saverin.
To picture Eduardo, what you
need to know is that he was the kid at Harvard who would wear a suit to
class. He liked to give people the impression that he was
rich. Eduardo Saverin wasn't directly involved with
Facebook for long: During the summer of 2004, when Mark moved to Palo
Alto to work on Facebook full time, Eduardo took a high-paying
internship at Lehman Brothers in New York. While Mark was
still at Harvard, however, Eduardo appears to have bankrolled Facebook's
earliest capital expenses, thus becoming its initial
investor.
In January, however, Mark told a friend
that Eduardo is paying for my
servers. Eventually, Eduardo would agree to invest
$15,000 in a company that would, in April 2004, be formed as Facebook
LLC. For his money, Eduardo would get 30% of the
company.
Eduardo was also involved in Facebook's
earliest days, as a confidant of Mark Zuckerberg.
In
December, 2003, a week after Mark's first meeting with the
HarvardConnection team, when he was telling the Winklevosses that he was
too busy with schoolwork to work on or even think about
HarvardConnection.com, Mark was telling Eduardo a different story.
In this second meeting, Mark still appeared to be
actively engaged in developing Harvard Connection. But he
never showed the HarvardConnection folks any site prototypes or
code. And they didn't insist on seeing them. In
January 2004, Mark met with the Winklevoss brothers and Divya Narendra
for what would be the last time. The meeting was on January 14, 2004,
and it was held at the same place Mark met with the HarvardConnection
team for the first time -- in the dining hall of Mark's residence,
Kirkland House.
By this point, Mark's site,
thefacebook.com, wasn't complete, but he was working hard on it. He'd
arranged for Eduardo Saverin to pay for his servers. He had already told
Adam that the right thing to do
was to not complete Harvard Connection and build TheFacebook.com
instead. He had registered the domain
name.
He therefore had a choice to make: Tell
Cameron, Tyler and Divya that he wanted out of their project, or string
them along until he was ready to launch
thefacebook.com.
Mark sought advice on this decision
from his confidants. One friend told him, in so many words, you know me.
I don't ever think anyone should do anything bad to
anybody.
On January 14, 2004, Mark
Zuckerberg met with Cameron, Tyler, and Divya for the last time. During
the meeting at Kirkland House, Mark expressed doubts about the viability
of HarvardConnection.com. He said he was very busy with personal
projects and school work and that he wouldn't be able to work on the
site for a while. He blamed others for the site's delays.
He did not say that he was working on his own
project and that he was not planning to complete the HarvardConnection
site.
After the meeting, Mark had another IM exchange
with the friend above. He told her, in effect, that he had wimped out.
He hadn't been able to break the news to Cameron and Tyler, in part, he
said, because he was intimidated
by them. He called them poor bastards.
So then what happened? Three days earlier, on January
11, 2004, Mark had registered the domain THEFACEBOOK.COM
On February 4, he
opened the site to Harvard students. On February 10, Cameron
Winklevoss sent Mark a letter accusing him of breaching their agreement
and stealing their idea.
In late May, after going through two
more developers, Cameron, Tyler and Divya launched HarvardConnection as
ConnectU, a social network for 15 schools
On June 10,
2004, a commencement speaker mentioned the amazing popularity of Mark's
site, thefacebook.com. In the summer of 2004, Mark moved to
Palo Alto to work on Facebook full time and soon received a $500,000
investment from Peter Thiel. In September 2004,
HarvardConnection, now called ConnectU, sued Mark Zuckerberg and the
now-incorporated Facebook for
allegedly breaching their agreement and stealing their idea. In
February 2008, Facebook and ConnectU agreed to settle the
lawsuit. In June 2008, ConnectU appealed the settlement in
California's ninth district, accusing Facebook of trading its stock
without disclosing material information. This appeal is
on-going. On the latter point, we agree. What Mark
Zuckerberg has accomplished with Facebook over the past six years has
been nothing short of amazing. So, having revisited the
founding of Facebook with additional information, what do we
conclude?
There have been no evidence of any formal
contract between Mark Zuckerberg and the Winklevosses in which Mark
agreed to develop Harvard Connection.
Only a week after
beginning development of Harvard Connection, which he referred to
as the dating site, Mark had
begun work on a separate project -- the facebook
thing. Mark appears to have considered the products
as competing for the attention of the same users, but he also appears to
have regarded them as different in some key
ways.
And because of this foreseen
competition -- Mark does appear to have intentionally strung along the
Harvard Connection folks with the goal of making his project,
thefacebook.com, have a more successful launch.
Bottom line,
whatever Mark did to the Harvard Connection folks, it was worth more
than the $65 million they received in the lawsuit settlement.
In fact, this seems like a huge sum of money considering that the entire dispute took place over two months in 2004 and that, in the six years since, Mark has built Facebook into a massive global enterprise.
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